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Development of Ultra-Wideband Planar Antenna to Detect Hematoma in the Human Brain |
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PP: 183-196 |
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doi:10.18576/amis/190116
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Author(s) |
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Mohanad A. Deif,
Hani Attar,
Mohamed A. Hafez,
Waleed Alomoush,
Hussein Al-Faiz,
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Abstract |
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| Undetected intracranial injuries have the potential to lead to enduring cerebral impairments, significant functional limitations, or fatality. The timely diagnosis and treatment of intracranial hematomas is crucial to enhance patient outcomes. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) are medical imaging techniques utilized to identify and diagnose brain hemorrhage and malignancies. The proposed work aims to investigate the efficacy of Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) signals in detecting Hematoma within the cranial region of the human body. UWB technology possesses extensive capabilities in terms of speed and a remarkably low power density; moreover, it receives input signals within extremely short pulse durations ranging from 100 picoseconds to a few nanoseconds. As a result of this low power density, UWB does not cause ionization of tissues. The bandwidth exceeds 20% of the central frequency, which is equivalent to 500MHz. The average power spectral density must remain below -41.3 dBm/MHz within the frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, as this range is commonly employed in medical applications. The skull model is comprised of seventeen distinct tissue types, namely: Sclera, Vitreous Humor, Eye Lens, Skin, Grey matter (GM), Cerebro-Spinal-Fluid (CSF), Dura, Fat, Cerebellum, Blood, Muscles, White matter (WM), Spinal Cord (nerve), Bone, Tongue, Cartilage, and Sinuses (air). The model assigns distinct dielectric characteristics (within the frequency range of 3.1 to 9 GHz) to each layer based on the corresponding tissue types. This study presents a proposed model with the objective of examining how intracranial hemorrhage affects the characteristics of ultra-wideband waves reflected and transmitted from a simulated brain model. The practical implementation of the phantom head model was accomplished through the utilization of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO software.
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