|
|
 |
| |
|
|
|
Chemical Modifications of Chitosan Biopolymer as Poly Electrolyte Membranes for Full Cells: Article review |
|
|
|
PP: 1-16 |
|
|
|
doi:10.18576/wefe/040101
|
|
|
|
Author(s) |
|
|
|
A.I. Hafez,
|
|
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
| Fuel cells (FCs) have recently received much attention as alternative new and clean energy source. FCs are not only pollution-free, but they can also have more than two times the efficiency of traditional combustion technologies. Recently, tremendous efforts are being made to produce polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) for fuel cells as replacement of Nafion due to its high cost, low ion conductivity at long operation times, poor mechanical strength, and decreased performance at high temperatures. An eco-friendly biopolymer chitosan (CS) has been devised as membrane in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). CS is amenable to chemical modification due to the presence of functional hydroxyl and amine groups in its backbone to convey distinct physiochemical and biochemical properties to the polymer without changing the basic structure. In the present article reviewing of different studies related to CS as biopolymer and outlines the chemical foundations of Cs and CS derivatives modification by sulfonation, phosphorylation and quaternization, to meet the requirements of a desired PEM for FCs. In additions, some recent preparation methods of PEM based on CS and CS derivatives are included. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
