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Nuclear Analytical Techniques for Detection of Rare Earth elements |
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PP: 53-64 |
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doi:10.18576/jrna/030107
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Author(s) |
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Atef El-Taher,
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Abstract |
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| Nuclear analytical techniques with their broad band of applicability to almost all matrix types and their exceptional sensitivity to many elements are an indispensable tool for environmental research. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) appears to be an attractive technique for determining heavy metals and REEs present in environmental samples; soil, sediments, plants, water, air particulates, etc. NAA is frequently used to obtain data for geological materials. Usually this technique provides good results within a reasonable timescale. The accuracy and the limit of detection of the (REEs) data using INAA depends, however, strongly on the type of material analyzed and on the content of several interfering elements which provide either a high background or overall activity and therefore, may prohibit reliable analysis. Nuclear analytical techniques, such as instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) and X ray fluorescence (XRF), which are generally considered as reference methods for many analytical problems, are useful as well. However, due to methodological limitations, they can, in most status, only be applied after pre-concentration and under special irradiation conditions. Finally, the purpose of this review is to cover firstly, short overview about rare earth element. The second part dealing with the nuclear analytical techniques in details with case study as application of the technique and the non-nuclear analytical techniques are also included. |
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